Geneve CRU definitions

Definitions

CRU bits may be tested with the TB command, with the base address in R12. The bit is copied to the EQ flag of the status register so that a JEQ will cause a branch whenever the bit is set.

The bits of the 9901 are tested in positive logic, which means that a low value on the pin will make a TB yield EQ=0, and a high value on the pin makes EQ=1. The signals on the pins may show negative logic themselves. That is, if the joystick button is pressed, a low value is put on the /INT3 input (bit 3), and a TB 3 will make EQ=0, while a not pressed button would be EQ=1.

TMS9901 lines may be configured as inputs (in), outputs (out), and the first 16 addresses may be configured as interrupt inputs (int), triggering an outgoing interrupt if the mask is set to 1 for the respective input. The interrupt mask configuration may be changed as desired; for instance, one could enable interrupts from the real-time clock by setting bit 11 to 1. The setting as shown here is the typical setting when working in MDOS.

/signal means negative logic. The first column is the base address for the respective bit if that bit is addressed without offset. You see that the base address is shifted one bit position to the left. Thus, setting R12 to >0004 and accessing bit 0 is the same as setting R12 to >0000 and accessing bit 2.

TMS 9901
0002	1	int	/INTA (P-Box, pin 17)
0004	2	int	/V9938 INT
0006	3	in	/Joystick button
0008	4	in	/Joystick left
000a	5	in	/Joystick right
000c	6	in	/Joystick down
000e	7	in	/Joystick up
0010	8	int	/Keyboard Interrupt
0012	9	in	L (mirrors 003a)
0014	10	in	/Left Mouse button (mirrors 0038)
0016	11	in	/Real-time clock interrupt (mirrors 0036)
0018	12	in	/INTB (mirrors 0034)
001a	13	in	(reflects output 0032)
001c	14	in	-
001e	15	in	(reflects output 002e)
0020	16	out	RESET (P-Box, pin 6 (inverted))
0022	17	out	/V9938 reset
0024	18	out	Joystick select
0026	19	-	-
0028	20	-	-
002a	21	-	-
002c	22	out	/Keyboard reset
002e	23	out	PAL pin 5 (System clock speed?)
0030	24	-	-
0032	25	out	Video wait states (PAL pin 19)
0034	26	in	/INTB (P-Box pin 18)
0036	27	in	/Real-time clock interrupt
0038	28	in	/Left mouse button
003a	29	in	L
003c	30	in	/Keyboard interrupt (mirrors 0010, no int)
003e	31	in	/Joystick up (mirrors 000e)

Special
13c0-13fe	Single step

TMS9995
1ee0	Decrementer in event counter mode (0=in timer mode)
1ee2	Enable decrementer
1ee4	Interrupt level 1 latch
1ee6	Interrupt level 2 latch
1ee8	Interrupt level 4 latch
1eea-1eee	not used
1ef0	Keyboard clock enable
1ef2	Clear keyboard input register
1ef4	Geneve mode (/TI mode)
1ef6	Direct mode (/Mapper mode)
1ef8	Cartridge rom size (1=8 KiB, 0=16 Kib)
1efa	/Protect 6xxx
1efc	/Protect 7xxx
1efe	/Add wait state per memory cycle
1fda	Macro Instruction Detect

The MID flag is set whenever the CPU encounters an unknown opcode. This (together with the interrupt) may be used to implement new "commands" on the application level.

Usage

As always, CRU bits are queried and set with special commands. Bits are addressed as offsets to a base address which is stored in Workspace Register 12 (R12). The base address is stored in bits 3-14, so the R12 value is twice as high as the absolute bit address. (Note that bit 15 cannot be used since A15 and CRUOUT share the same line.) Base addresses are commonly noted as register 12 values.

Turn on Geneve mode:

LI   R12,>1EF4
SBO  0

or, equivalently

LI   R12,>1EE0
SBO  10

since 0x1ee0 + 10*2 = 0x1ee0 + 0x14

(bit numbers are often given in decimal notation)

The LDCR and STCR commands are used to write or read multiple CRU bits. The base address is automatically incremented for each bit transfer. Bit transfers begin at the least significant bit. Note that it is relevant whether less than 9 bits are transferred: If less, the memory location is treated as a byte address, if more, as a word address.

LI   R12,>0006
STCR R0,5

reads the five joystick lines, storing the bits in the least significant five bits of the high byte of R0, with bit 3 at the right.

x

x

x

up

down

right

left

but

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

If we had transferred 9 bits, all bits as shown above are shifted to the right by 8 positions (starting at the very right bit).

LI   R12,>1EF0
LI   R1,>F100   * binary: 11110001
LDCR R1,8

This enables the keyboard clock, not clearing the input register, activating TI mode and mapping, cartridges have 8K, no write protection to 6xxx and 7xxx, and no wait states.